Charted: Senior Populations Of The World’s Largest Economies

As populations age, growing senior populations are reshaping economic growth, healthcare systems, and public finances across the world’s largest economies.

This article was written by Niccolo Conte and originally published by Visual Capitalist.

This infographic compares the senior population (aged 65 and older) across the world’s top 30 economies by nominal GDP in 2025, using data from the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Which Major Economies are the Oldest?

Population aging varies dramatically across the world’s largest economies, reflecting differences in fertility rates, life expectancy, and stages of economic development.

The table below shows the share and total number of people aged 65 and older across the top global economies:

Japan stands out as the world’s oldest major economy, with 30% of its population aged 65 and above, equivalent to more than 37 million seniors. Low fertility rates and long life expectancy have driven Japan’s demographic shift, creating major challenges for its workforce and pension system.

Besides Japan, Europe makes up nine of the top 10 countries with the highest share of seniors on the list. Germany and Italy follow closely, with seniors accounting for roughly one-quarter of their populations. Many European economies now face shrinking working-age populations, raising concerns over long-term economic sustainability.

Meanwhile, China has by far the largest senior population in absolute numbers at more than 211 million. Similarly, in India, seniors make up only 7% of the population, yet the country already has over 101 million people aged 65 or older due to its sheer population size.

Economies That Skew Younger

Some large economies remain relatively young. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have the lowest shares of seniors, at just 3% and 2% respectively, because of large migrant workforces.

Emerging economies like Indonesia, Mexico, and Türkiye also maintain lower senior shares, although these figures are likely to rise over the coming decades as life expectancy increases and birth rates fall.